Hi Thomas,
Do you mean that you want to let an Office 365 user use his Office 365 credential to access an on-premise service? If I misunderstand it, please feel free to let me know and provide a detailed example of your requirement.
If this is the requirement, it is not available presently.
Moreover, you can also refer to the following link to submit your requirement to improve our products. Many features have been designed and updated based on customers’ feedback. Thanks for your understanding.
http://g.microsoftonline.com/0BX11EN/135
Thanks,
Claud