CWNA,
I just wanted to say thank you. My situation was a little different in that we have had SSO and Directory Synchronization working with Office 365 for months when we were notified our SSL certificate for our ADFS server was going to Expire. We went and renewed our SSL cert, installed and updated ADFS. The world started to burn though when we went to update the federated trust with Office 365.
We got everything working, even could get our ADFS login page but once a user supplied a correct login we got "We are having trouble signing you in. Please try again in a few minutes. If this doesn't work, you might want to contact your admin and report the following error: 80041317".
A thorough review of our configuration using Update-MSOLFederatedDomain -DomainName [domain name here] showed everything was identical except we had no forward slash in our ADFS OR Office 365! So after reading your suggestion/fix above we decided to try adding a the trailing forward slash, updated the federation and bam, it works!
Nice find and thank you for posting this!!!
mike
